Index

Acharya, 35
Ajanta, 44, 46, 50, 64, 66, 98, 116
Akshayamati (bodhisattva), 291
Alchi (monastery), 42, 44, 141, 150, 162, 167
Alexandria, 226 Altan Khan (king), 179
Amarakosha, 37, 39
Amoghasiddhi (a Buddha), 142
Amitabha, a Buddha, 31, 41, 269, 284- 85; scribe, 38
Amitayus (a Buddha), 255
Ananda (Buddha’s disciple), 247, 256
Anawrahta (king), 200
Aniko (artist), 17
Anuradhapura, 26, 184
Apanaka (monastery), 33
Ara (modern Arah), 38, 75
Arako (monastery), 37
Ashtasahasrika Prajhaparamita, see Prajnaparamita (text)
Ashutosh Museum, Calcutta, 102
Asia Society (New York), 72
Asiatic Society (Calcutta), 33, 58, 61, 64, 95, 99
Asoka (emperor), 23
Atisa Dipankara Srijnana (monk), 140, 151. 153 avadana, 172
Avalokitesvara (bodhisattva), 26, 31, 78, 83, 87, 90, 92, 230, 232, 247, 255, 291-92, 318, 320; sutra, 291; see also PadmapUni
Avatamsaka Sutra, 237, 261, 264-66
Ayutthya, 214


Balaha, 90 Banerjee, P., 41-43
Bangkok, National Museum and
Library, 216-19, 222
Baroda Museum, 57, 78, 87
Beijing, 256-57, 260
Bendall, C., 59
Berlin Museum, 217-19, 222
Bhaktapur, 126, 128
Bharat Kala Bhavan, Benares, 76
Bible, 9, 32, 226, 228
Binney Collection, 114, 131, 168
Bodhicharyavatara, 35, 38
Bodhiruchi (monk), 290
Bodhgaya, 58, 141, 190
Bodleian Library, Oxford, 72
Boissellier, 216, 218
Boston Museum, 74, 162
Brahma, 47, 59, 133, 209, 218, 222
Brahmi (script), 24, 170, 181
Brihatsamhita (text), 22
British Library (or Museum), 74, 83, 87,159,163,170,187, 207, 210, 222-23, 226, 228, 230
Brussells, 172, 180
Brooklyn Museum, 180
Buddha (s), also Sakyamuni, 9, 14, 24, 27, 30, 41, 44, 47-48, 55, 59, 64, 66-67, 69, 70, 73-75, 86-87, 90, 102, 114, 116, 120, 122-23, 125-26, 128, 131-33, 138, 142, 146-47, 156, 159-60, 163, 166-68, 170, 172, 176, 183-84, 188, 190, 194, 198, 202, 207-10, 213-15, 218-19, 230, 234, 245, 247-50, 252-56, 261-62, 269- 72, 276, 278, 280-82, 286, 315, 317 Buddha’s Birth Scene, 47-48, 59, 64, 87, 98, 218; see also M3yS
Buddhabhashita-Buddhanama-SUtra, 290
Buddhaghosha (Scholar), 199-200
Buddhapaksha (king), 57
Burke Collection, 315
Buton Rinpoche (monk), 165
Byzantium (or Byzantine), 32, 223, 228

Cambodia, 9, 14, 181-82, 214, 222
Cambridge University Library, 32, 36, 39, 50, 58-9, 61, 64, 75, 95-6,100, 111
Central Asia, 10-11, 13, 15, 27, 29, 32, 42-44, 135, 178, 225-26, 230, 232, 238, 257
Chandra (dynasty), 57, 78
Changan, 225, 228
Chengzu (emperor), 256-57
Chensheng (artist). 256
Chester Beatty Collection, 260
Chintamani Lokesvara (a form of Avalokitesvara), 90
Chintamanikya (scribe), 33
Chittagong, 35, 57 Chonen, 270
Choson (dynasty), 18, 261
Chungnyol Wang (king), 263
Chusonji (monastery), 276
Cleveland Museum of Art, 34, 168
Cologne, Museum fur Ostasiatische Kunst, 271
Colombo, National Museum, 190
Copenhagen, Royal Library, 126, 128

Dai jo Renge Me zu flasetsu
Butsumyokyo (sutra), 290
Diamond Sutra, 16, 228, 234, 236, 260
Dali (kingdom), 238-39, 247-48
Danzan Jinja (shrine), 262
Daoyin (priest), 252
Dasajati (text), 214-15
Datong (town), 266
Devadatta, 230, 280, 284, 286
Devimcihatmyu (Hindu text), 32
Devipurana (Hindu text), 29, 32
Dhammasonda, 188
dharanl, 132, 165, 172, 183, 236, 258,
288
Dharanisamgraha (Collection of Charms), 34
Dharmasimha (scribe), 37
Dharmapala (king), 58
Dharmarakshita (monk), 35
Dipankara (Buddha), 133, 194
Dunhuang, 42, 225-26, 228, 230, 232- 34, 239, 257, 262
Durga (Hindu goddess), 32

Edo (period), 19, 319, 323
Egyptian, 11, 16, 226
Eiga Monogatari (history), 282
Ellora, 46, 64, 66
Ellsworth Collection, 92, 168
Enlightenment Scene, 59, 90,102,126,
170, 208, 218-19
Ennin (monk), 237, 262
Enryakuji (monastery), 276

Faxian (Fa-hsien), 10, 24, 26-27,44-45, 77, 182
Fifth Dalai Lama, 176, 179
Freer Gallery of Art, 67, 247-48, 280
Fuding Monastery, 238
Fujiwara, 271, 276, 281; Kiyohara 276;
Michinaga, 274, 282-85

Gandavyuha (sutra), 117, 265
Ganesa, 28
Gao Taiming, 238
Gelukpa (religious order), 153, 162, 174, 179-80, 258
Gesar (hero of Tibetan epic), 178
Ghoshali (place-name), 34
Gilgit, 27, 29, 31. 42-44, 150
Ginsberg, H., 220, 222
Goepper, Roger, 271
Gomizunoo (emperor), 317
Gomindrapala (king), 73
Gopala (king), II, 34; III, 74
Goshirakawa (emperor), 276
Govindachandra (king) of Bengal, 57,
58; of Kanauj, 36
Govindapala III (king), 86
grantha (book), 22-23
Guanzhuba (patron), 254
Guardian Kings, 247
Guge (kingdom), 14, 44, 140, 151, 166,
174
Gujarat, 12, 45
Gunasinghe, Siri, 187
Gupta (period), 29, 60, 66, 98, 206
Guru rTa-grin (monk), 176
Guy, John, 162
Gyantse, 165


Haeinsa (monastery), 263
Hangzhou, 236, 254, 256, 270-71
Harivamsa (Hindu text), 22
Harivarmadeva (king), 57, 78
Harvard, 207, 223, 270
Hayagriva, 176
Heart Sutra, 228, 318, 320
Heian (period), 272, 279-80, 282, 286, 288, 294, 324
Heike Nogyo, 286, 294, 317
Hevajra (Vajrayana deity), 94
Hevajratantra, 31, 94, 138
Hmayana, 230
Hindu (s), 27, 29, 32, 39, 126, 181-83
Hofer Collection, 207, 223
Hokkyo Ishun (sutra mounter), 316
Hongli (prince), 261
Hsiian-tsang, see Xuanzang Huizong (emperor), 238
Hwaom (sect), 265 Hyongjong (king), 262

Ieyasu (shogun), 316-17
Ike Taiga (artist), 318-20, 323
Indonesia (including Java and Bali), 181-83
Indra, 47-8. 59, 122, 133, 188, 208-09, 218, 222, 224; see also Sakka I-tsing, see Yijing

jade books, 260
Jain, 26-27, 29, 32, 43, 76
Jambhala (God of Wealth), 122-23,156
jataka, 14, 75-6, 172, 183-84, 186-87, 208-10, 214-16, 219, 222-23
Jayabhadra (monk), 35 Jayaramadatta (scribe), 38
Jayavarman V (king), 182
Jetavana Monastery, 234
Jingoji (monastery), 276, 279
Jing Yuan (priest), 17
Jivarama (artist), 124-26, 131
Jizo (Bodhisattva Kshitigarbha), 271

Kadamba script, 206
Kadampa style (also religious order), 151, 153, 156, 160, 162, 164
Kagyupa (religious order), 151, 153
Kalachakratantra, 38, 75-76
Kalydnamitra (teacher), 33
Kammavacha (book of rules), 207, 216, 222 Kanauj, 36
Kandy, 184, 186-88, 190
Kanjur, 166, 172
Kanishka (emperor), 24
KarandavyUha (sutra), 37, 75-76, 87, 90
Karashar script, 230
Karunavajra (monk), 32
Kashgar, 225
Kashmir, 12-14, 27, 34, 42-44, 95-96, 135-36, 140-41, 145, 149-50, 167
Kasyapa, sage, 39; Buddha’s disciple, 247, 256; brothers, 270
Kathmandu, National Library, 36 Kato Nobukiyo (painter),323
Kawi-wun-tha-bi-daza (scholar), 209
kayastha (professional scribe), 38
Kenshi (empress), 283-85
Kesi (k’o-ssu), 257
Khadirangara Jataka, 187
Kharoshthi (script), 24
Khotan, 135
Kirtivarman (scholar), 182
Kirttipala (donor), 37
Kiyomizu Temple, 320
Koen (sculptor), 271
Kokinshu (anthology), 288
Konoe Iehiro (calligrapher), 317-18
Koran, 9, 16, 32
Koryo, 262-68
Kramrisch, Stella, 50, 68
Krishnayamaritantra, 35
Kshitigarbha, bodhisattva, 233, 271;
sutra, 256
Kubera, see Jambhala Kublai Khan (emperor), 238, 254, 263
Kucha (Kuchean), 135, 225, 230
Kukai (monk), 270, 318
Kumano Shrine, 276
Kumarajiva (scholar), 225, 230, 234
Kutila (script), 61
Kyoto, 272, 274, 276, 290, 316, 318-20, 323;
National Museum, 267

Ladakh, 44, 162-63 Lady Murasaki, 274
Lalitavistara (Biography of Buddha), 24, 128
Langdarma (king), 136, 151
Lantsa (script), 165
Laos, 14, 181, 238
Lee, Lena Kim, 268
lekhaka (writer), 38
Lerner, Martin, 45, 47-48
Lhasa, 135, 151
Li Ji (Confucian book of ritual), 260
Lippe, Aschwin, 247
Los Angeles County Museum of Art,
36, 47-8, 73-4, 100, 102, 114, 120, 164-
65, 190, 213, 222
Losty, J„ 86-87, 90
Lotus Sutra, 9-10, 16, 37-8, 172, 230, 237,248-49, 252, 262, 264, 267, 270-71, 276, 280-83, 285-88, 291, 294, 315-17 Loyang, 228 Lu Thai (king), 215

Madanapala (king), 36, 73
Mad Elephant Miracle, 59-60; see also
Nalagiri
Madhusenadeva (king), 94
Msdhyamika (philosophy), 165
MahabhUrata (Hindu epic), 22
Mahakala (Vajrayana deity), 122-23
Mahaparinirvana, 59-60, 111, 170
Mahaprajapati (Buddha’s aunt), 120
mahasiddha (perfected being), 124, 134, 138, 170
Mahasribhadra (donor), 73
Mahasri Tara (Buddhist goddess), 72
Mahasthamaprapta (bodhisattva),255
Mahavairochana (cosmic Buddha), 298
Mahayana, 9-11, 14, 16, 24, 28-29, 34, 55, 87, 117, 138, 165, 174, 183-84, 200, 230
Mahendra (royal missionary), 24 Mahlpala (king), I, 50, 58-61, 64; II, 58- 59, 61, 64
Mailey, Jean, 257
Maitreya (Future Buddha), 42, 74, 159, 194, 272, 274
Ma-la iinga-ra wut-htu (Burmese Life
of Buddha), 209
Malaysia, 182-83
Mampukuji (monastery), 319-20
Manchu (dynasty), 257-58
mandaia, 30, 220, 258, 294
Mandalay, 202, 213
Manichaean, 11, 32
Manjusri (bodhisattva), 59-60, 75,164-65, 239, 245-46, 250, 252, 272, 280,315
Mappo (Dark Age), 272 Mara, 40, 187, 208, 219
Matsumoto Moritake, 248
Maya (Buddha’s mother), 60, 64, 98, 120, 218, 220
mayuzumi, 266 Meisho (empress), 317
Meru.Jcosmic mountain), 208, 224
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 46, 48, 98, 102, 238, 248, 291-92
Milarepa (Tibetan saint), 178
Mincho (painter), 323
Min-don (king), 213
Ming Dynasty, 256-57, 291
Miya,Tsugio, 254
Monchu (monk), 320
Mongol(s), 254, 256, 262-63
Mongolia, 140, 172, 179-80
Monkey miracle, 60, 67, 90; see also
Vaisali
Mount Kimbu, 274 Muchalinda, 102
Mughal, 75, 130, 216 Murase Miyeko, 291

naga (serpent), 27, 165 Nagapattinam, 26
Nagarjuna (philosopher), 27-28, 78, 165
nagini (female serpent), 132
Nairatma (Vajrayana goddess), 93
Nalagiri (elephant), 64
Nalanda (monastery), 26, 33-4, 38, 57-8, 73, 87, 153
nandinagara (script), 29-30
Nanjing, 256-57
Nan Zhao kingdom, 238
Nara, 237, 257, 269, 287
Narasimhagupta (king), 58
Nayapala (king), 36, 61, 70, 73
Neotia Collection, 100, 124
Nestorian Christian, 11, 32, 237
Newark Museum, 178, 270
New Delhi, National Museum, 50,116
New York Public Library, 265
Nyingmapa (religious order), 151,153, 176

Obaku (sect), 320
Orissa, 12,45, 57, 78, 90,124,183,186

Padmapani (bodhisattva), 41, 126; see also Avalokitesvara
Padmasambhava (teacher), 136
Pagan, 82, 87, 164, 199-200 Paka (scribe), 34
Pala (period), 12, 14, 34, 36, 48, 51, 58- 61, 66-7, 69, 72-7, 82, 87, 90, 93, 147, 153, 159-60, 163-64, 167, 199, 216 Pali (language), 184,199-200, 202, 207, 215, 222
Pahcharaksha (goddesses), 114, 118, 138
Pahcharaksha (text), 36, 39, 55, 57, 70, 72, 78, 94, 111, 114,118,125,128,183
Panini (grammarian), 24
parabaik (folded manuscript), 207
Paramartha Namasahgiti (Vajrayana text), 37
Paramita (goddesses), 102, 114, 142
Patna, 24, 26, 29
patrakara (copyist), 182
Pelliot, Paul, 226
Perfection of Wisdom, see
Prajnaparamita
Persian, 22
Phra Chao Sip Chat (Thai text), 215
Phra Malai (monk and legend), 215, 222-23
Polonnaruva, 184
Prabhutaratna (a Buddha), 250, 253, 271
Prajnakaramati (monk), 35
Prajnaparamita (goddess), 46, 48, 59- 60, 74, 102, 114, 118, 120, 122-23, 132, 142, 145, 150, 156, 163-64, 166, 168 Prajnaparamita (text, also Perfection of Wisdom), 20, 28, 30, 32-4, 36-7, 40, 42, 55, 57-8, 72, 74, 82-3, 87, 92, 94-6, 100, 102, 111, 118, 120, 122-23, 126, 133,138,140-42,145,156,164-67,172, 178, 180, 183, 228, 234
pratyekabuddha (individual Buddha), 187-88
Pritzker Collection, 118
Punyakirti (monk), 34
Purnachandra (monk), 34
pustaka (book), 22
Pyu, kingdom, 200;
script, 202

Qianlong (emperor), 260
Qing dynasty, 257

Radiant Victorious Kings Sutra (Suvarna-prabhasottamaraja-sutra),237
Rajput (tradition), 130, 132-33, 210
Ramadatta (scribe), 37-39
Ramajiva (monk), 34
Rama Khamaeng (king), 214
Ramapala (king), 34, 72, 78, 83, 86
Ranja (script), 36, 128
Ratnachandra (scribe), 39
Ratnakosin (school of art), 218
Ratnasambhava (a Buddha), 142
Remati (goddess), 176
Rinchen Sangpo (monk), 140-41
Rinnoji, 316-17
Rosenfield, John, 271, 290
Rudramana (nobleman), 36

Saddharmapundarika, see Lotus Sutra
Sadhugupta (monk), 33
Saicho (monk), 270
Sailendra Dynasty, 182-83
Sakka (or Sakra), 20, 28, 188, 252; see also Indra
Sakyamuni, see Buddha
Sakyapa (religious order), 130, 151,
153, 163-67, 172
Samantabhadra (bodhisattva), 230, 279, 288
Samugga Jataka, 187
Samvara (Vajrayana deity), 93
Santideva (scholar), 38
Sarasvati (goddess), 26
Saraswati, S.K., 58, 61
Saratthadipani (Pali commentary),
184
Sariputra (Buddha’s disciple), 246-47, 250
Sarnath, 59-60, 66-68, 90
Sarvanivaranavishkambin (a
bodhisattva), 90
Sarvastivada (sect), 26
Sat Satiya (seven week ritual), 190
Seattle Art Museum, 257-58
Seikado Foundation, 252
Sena (period), 90
Seoul, National Museum of
Korea, 264
Shadakshari (monastery), 35
Shalu (monastery), 165-66
Shomu (emperor), 237, 257
Shosoin (Nara), 257
Shotoku Taishi (statesman), 270-71,294
Siddha (script), 258;
Siddhamatrika, 61-128
Siddhartha, 209
Sihadeva (King), 37
Singer Collection, 120
Sitatapatra Aparajita, 256, 258
Somapurimahavihara (monastery),77
Sonam Gyatsho (3rd Dalai Lama), 179
Song (dynasty), 183, 236, 248, 252-54,
257, 262, 264, 270, 278, 291
Songtsen Gampo (King), 135
Sorimachi Collection, 271
Sraddhakaravarman (monk), 141
Sravasti Miracle, 48, 59, 64, 73, 90, 111 ✓ _
Srikumara (donor), 58 Srimantadeva (artist), 131,
Srimitra (monk), 34
Stein, Aurel, 225-26, 234, 257
Stupa, 27, 41, 44, 60, 70, 72, 78, 126, 134, 136, 162, 164, 190, 228, 236, 254, 271
Subhuti (monk), 234
Sudhana (pilgrim), 117
Sugawara Mitsushige (calligrapher),291
Sukhavati (Land of Bliss), 37; also see Western Paradise
Sukhothai (Kingdom), 214-16
Sumedha (a potential Buddha), 133, 194
Sunyuta (Nothingness), 142, 145
Sutra of Buddha’s Names, 228,
Sutra of Cause and Effect, Past and Present, 269-70
SvayambhunSth (shrine), 132
Svayambhupurana (text), 132
Swali Collection, 75, 102 Swat, 140

Tabo (monastery), 142
Tadivadi (monastery), 33
Taiho Shokon (abbot), 319-20
Taiwan, National Palace Museum,
247-48, 272
Taizu (emperor), 236
Taksin (king), 217
Tale of Gen]i, 281-82
Tales of Ise, 288
Tamluk (or Tamralipti), 26, 29,45, 77
Tang (period), 237, 269 Tanjur, 172
Tara (goddess), 74, 132, 168, 256
Taranath (monk), 24, 44, 57
Tashilhunpo (monastery), 180
Tejoka (donor), 58 Tenjukoku Mandala, 294
Tendai (sect), 276, 317
Ten Kings of Hell Sutra, 16, 233, 247
Thakkura or Thakur, 38
Theravada, 14, 35, 183, 198, 204, 207, 214
Thonburi, 217
Thunder Peak Pagoda, 236-37; Sutra, 236
Tibet House Museum, 174 Tilaka (monk), 35
Toba (emperor), 276, 285 Todaiji (monastery), 237, 272
Tofukuji (monastery), 323 Tokugawa, 315, 317-18, 323
Tosa Mitsuoki, 317 Toshogu Shrine, 316-17
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 267
Traibhumi (Thai text), 215-17
Trailokyachandra (monk), 34
Tripitaka (Buddhist Canon), 202, 214, 225, 237, 254, 256, 263-64, 266-67, 270, 276;
Jingoji, 276; Kiyohira, 276;
Koreana, 262, 264; Qisha, 254, 256
Tsongkhapa (monk), 153, 172 Tucci, G., 44, 140

Tushita heaven, 59
Uddaka (queen), 70,72
Uddiyana (modern Swat), 140
Ugratara (goddess), 132
Uisang (monk), 265
Unified Silla period, 18, 261-62
Ushnishavijaya (goddess), 132

Vairochana (a Buddha), 142
Vaisali, 60, 67
Vaisravana (guardian of north), 164
Vajracharya (priest), 37, 39
Vajrachchhedika, see Diamond Sutra
Vajrakila (Vajrayana deity), 176
Vajrapani (bodhisattva), 48, 126, 156, 160
Vajrayana, 35, 55, 57, 74, 93, 138, 165, 183, 202
Vanaratna (monk), 35-6
Varahamihira (author), 22
Vasantadevi (queen), 36
Vessantara Jataka, 50, 98,116-18, 126, 208, 215, 219
Victoria and Albert Museum, 72,180
Vidurapandita Jataka, 186
Vigrahapala (king), 61
Vijayasribhadra (nun), 73
Vikramamana (nobleman), 36
Vikramasila (monastery), 34, 38, 57-8, 73-4, 87, 153
Vimalakirti (a lay Buddhist), 239, 245-47
Vimalakirti Sutra (VimaJakirtinirdesa), 16, 238, 248
Vinaya (also Vinayapitaka), 24, 26, 207
Virasimha (scribe), 39
Virtue Collection, 160
Vishnu (Hindu god), 48, 133
Vulture Peak, 10, 230, 262, 271

Walter Collection, 120, 190
Wang Jie (patron), 236
Western Paradise, 269
Woodward, H.,87
Wu Di (emperor), 17
Wutaishan (monastery), 237

Xixia Kingdom, 254
Xuande (emperor), 256
Xuanzang (Hsuan-tsang), 11, 24, 44

Yama (god of death), 247-48
Yamato Bunkakan, 287
Yampi Monastery, 38
Yasheng Yuan Monastery, 254
Yasoda, 209
Yasodhara, 250
Yeshe O (king), 140-41
Yijing (I-tsing), 10, 182
Yishakarachandra (donor), 37
Yonghegong (temple), 260
Yongle (emperor), 256
Yongzheng (emperor), 261
Yuan (period), 17, 180, 253-54, 256,263-64, 291 Yunnan, 238, 247

Zao (deity), 274 Zen, 10, 135, 320, 323 Zurich, 160Tabo (monastery), 142
Tadivadi (monastery), 33
Taiho Shokon (abbot), 319-20
Taiwan, National Palace Museum,
247-48, 272
Taizu (emperor), 236
Taksin (king), 217
Tale of Gen]i, 281-82
Tales of Ise, 288
Tamluk (or Tamralipti), 26, 29,45, 77
Tang (period), 237, 269 Tanjur, 172
Tara (goddess), 74, 132, 168, 256
Taranath (monk), 24, 44, 57
Tashilhunpo (monastery), 180
Tejoka (donor), 58 Tenjukoku Mandala, 294
Tendai (sect), 276, 317
Ten Kings of Hell Sutra, 16, 233, 247
Thakkura or Thakur, 38
Theravada, 14, 35, 183, 198, 204, 207, 214
Thonburi, 217
Thunder Peak Pagoda, 236-37; Sutra, 236
Tibet House Museum, 174 Tilaka (monk), 35
Toba (emperor), 276, 285 Todaiji (monastery), 237, 272
Tofukuji (monastery), 323 Tokugawa, 315, 317-18, 323
Tosa Mitsuoki, 317 Toshogu Shrine, 316-17
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 267
Traibhumi (Thai text), 215-17
Trailokyachandra (monk), 34
Tripitaka (Buddhist Canon), 202, 214, 225, 237, 254, 256, 263-64, 266-67, 270, 276;
Jingoji, 276; Kiyohira, 276;
Koreana, 262, 264; Qisha, 254, 256
Tsongkhapa (monk), 153, 172 Tucci, G., 44, 140
Tushita heaven, 59
Uddaka (queen), 70,72
Uddiyana (modern Swat), 140
Ugratara (goddess), 132
Uisang (monk), 265
Unified Silla period, 18, 261-62
Ushnishavijaya (goddess), 132
Vairochana (a Buddha), 142
Vaisali, 60, 67
Vaisravana (guardian of north), 164
Vajracharya (priest), 37, 39
Vajrachchhedika, see Diamond Sutra
Vajrakila (Vajrayana deity), 176
Vajrapani (bodhisattva), 48, 126, 156, 160
Vajrayana, 35, 55, 57, 74, 93, 138, 165, 183, 202
Vanaratna (monk), 35-6
Varahamihira (author), 22
Vasantadevi (queen), 36
Vessantara Jataka, 50, 98,116-18, 126, 208, 215, 219
Victoria and Albert Museum, 72,180
Vidurapandita Jataka, 186
Vigrahapala (king), 61
Vijayasribhadra (nun), 73
Vikramamana (nobleman), 36
Vikramasila (monastery), 34, 38, 57-8, 73-4, 87, 153
Vimalakirti (a lay Buddhist), 239, 245-47
Vimalakirti Sutra (VimaJakirtinirdesa), 16, 238, 248
Vinaya (also Vinayapitaka), 24, 26, 207
Virasimha (scribe), 39
Virtue Collection, 160
Vishnu (Hindu god), 48, 133
Vulture Peak, 10, 230, 262, 271
Walter Collection, 120, 190
Wang Jie (patron), 236
Western Paradise, 269
Woodward, H.,87
Wu Di (emperor), 17
Wutaishan (monastery), 237
Xixia Kingdom, 254
Xuande (emperor), 256
Xuanzang (Hsuan-tsang), 11, 24, 44
Yama (god of death), 247-48
Yamato Bunkakan, 287
Yampi Monastery, 38
Yasheng Yuan Monastery, 254
Yasoda, 209
Yasodhara, 250
Yeshe O (king), 140-41
Yijing (I-tsing), 10, 182
Yishakarachandra (donor), 37
Yonghegong (temple), 260
Yongle (emperor), 256
Yongzheng (emperor), 261
Yuan (period), 17, 180, 253-54, 256,
263-64, 291
Yunnan, 238, 247
Zao (deity), 274 Zen, 10, 135, 320, 323 Zurich, 160